Research and public scholarship
What if play is more serious than we think?

I am a psychotherapist, researcher, and culture analyst who spends a lot of time asking questions that live somewhere between psychology, creativity, and the things we are told are just for fun.
What if the toys we played with, the stories we loved, the characters we identified with, and the fandoms we built communities around were doing more psychological work than we realized? What happens when play becomes a way to rehearse identity, process emotion, build resilience, or imagine a different version of ourselves? And what happens when trauma, culture, and the body interrupt our ability to play, create, connect, or feel at home in ourselves?
Those questions drive much of my research. I am fascinated by the places where clinical psychology meets cultural criticism: where a doll can tell us something about gender, a movie can help us understand grief, a toy can become a tool for resilience, or a fandom can become a community where someone finally feels seen.
Research interests
- Adult play
- Creativity
- Geek and popular culture
- Identity formation
- Resilience
- Trauma
- Belonging
- Mind and body
I think we have made a mistake by treating play as something we are supposed to outgrow. Adults need play too, not because we need to escape reality, but because play can help us engage with reality differently. It gives us room to experiment without having every answer, practice identities before we are ready to claim them, process experiences that are difficult to explain, and reconnect with curiosity and joy.
Play is not the opposite of serious. Sometimes play is how we get serious about being human.
Selected publications
- Don't Toy With MePsychology Today, 2024
- The Rise of the Stanley Tumbler: How a 110-Year-Old Brand Achieved Viral SuccessRetail Dive, 2023
- How Build-A-Bear Is Creating a Cuddly (and Lucrative) EmpireRetail Dive, 2023
- What This Photo Project Taught Me About Body PositivityThe Mighty, 2019
- An Interview with Peter Andrew DanzigF(r)iction, 2022

Psychology Today column
Don’t Toy With Me
An ongoing column on play, toys, fandom, and what popular culture does to us. 16 posts and counting.
- Workplace Well-Being After 6 Years of Collective StrainJun 2026
- Narrative Play and Resilience in Early Female DevelopmentMar 2026
- Barbie, Inclusion, and the Psychology of Play in ChaosFeb 2026
- Christina Aguilera’s “Beautiful”: The Psychology of Being SeenDec 2025
- Why Our Minds Can’t Rest Right NowNov 2025
- What “The Last Unicorn” Teaches Us About Grief in 2025Sep 2025
- Why the World Needs Buffy the Vampire Slayer in 2025Aug 2025
- Elmo Understands: The Mental Health Power of “Sesame Street”May 2025
- “Wicked” and the Importance of Marginalized RepresentationJan 2025
- Authenticity in the WorkplaceOct 2024
- Why Gay Men Collect Barbie DollsJul 2024
- Expressing Queer Identity Through “The Little Mermaid”Jun 2024
- When 2D Animation and Nostalgia Bring Us Renewed HopeJun 2024
- “The Show Must Go On” and PerfectionismFeb 2024
- Toy Culture Can Help Us Unlearn a Limiting Self-ImageOct 2023
- Geek Therapy Heroes Walk Among UsJul 2023